Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-3 (of 3 Records) |
Query Trace: Cascio WE[original query] |
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Targeting coordinated federal efforts to address persistent hazardous exposures to lead
Breysse PN , Cascio WE , Geller AM , Choiniere CJ , Ammon M . Am J Public Health 2022 112 S640-s646 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), and other federal agencies are committed to primary and secondary prevention of lead exposure and its adverse health outcomes. Updated national standards, guidance, and coordinated policies combined with abatement, enforcement, remediation, infrastructure replacement, and other lead exposure prevention projects will further reduce the presence of lead in the diets of children and their families and in the places where they live, work, learn, and play. This includes providing resources to support cleanup or removal of remaining lead exposure hazards; identifying the most vulnerable US locations to focus prevention and mitigation efforts through coordinated lead-mapping efforts; targeting blood lead surveillance, education, outreach, and training to the most vulnerable locations; and updating national standards and guidance based on the best available science. We describe how agencies are coordinating their efforts. |
Cardiopulmonary impact of particulate air pollution in high-risk populations: JACC State-of-the-Art Review
Newman JD , Bhatt DL , Rajagopalan S , Balmes JR , Brauer M , Breysse PN , Brown AGM , Carnethon MR , Cascio WE , Collman GW , Fine LJ , Hansel NN , Hernandez A , Hochman JS , Jerrett M , Joubert BR , Kaufman JD , Malik AO , Mensah GA , Newby DE , Peel JL , Siegel J , Siscovick D , Thompson BL , Zhang J , Brook RD . J Am Coll Cardiol 2020 76 (24) 2878-2894 Fine particulate air pollution <2.5 μm in diameter (PM(2.5)) is a major environmental threat to global public health. Multiple national and international medical and governmental organizations have recognized PM(2.5) as a risk factor for cardiopulmonary diseases. A growing body of evidence indicates that several personal-level approaches that reduce exposures to PM(2.5) can lead to improvements in health endpoints. Novel and forward-thinking strategies including randomized clinical trials are important to validate key aspects (e.g., feasibility, efficacy, health benefits, risks, burden, costs) of the various protective interventions, in particular among real-world susceptible and vulnerable populations. This paper summarizes the discussions and conclusions from an expert workshop, Reducing the Cardiopulmonary Impact of Particulate Matter Air Pollution in High Risk Populations, held on May 29 to 30, 2019, and convened by the National Institutes of Health, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. |
Association of C-reactive protein with bacterial and respiratory syncytial virus-associated pneumonia among children aged <5 years in the PERCH Study
Higdon MM , Le T , O'Brien KL , Murdoch DR , Prosperi C , Baggett HC , Brooks WA , Feikin DR , Hammitt LL , Howie SRC , Kotloff KL , Levine OS , Scott JAG , Thea DM , Awori JO , Baillie VL , Cascio S , Chuananon S , DeLuca AN , Driscoll AJ , Ebruke BE , Endtz HP , Kaewpan A , Kahn G , Karani A , Karron RA , Moore DP , Park DE , Rahman MZ , Salaudeen R , Seidenberg P , Somwe SW , Sylla M , Tapia MD , Zeger SL , Deloria Knoll M , Madhi SA . Clin Infect Dis 2017 64 S378-s386 Background.: Lack of a gold standard for identifying bacterial and viral etiologies of pneumonia has limited evaluation of C-reactive protein (CRP) for identifying bacterial pneumonia. We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of CRP for identifying bacterial vs respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pneumonia in the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) multicenter case-control study. Methods.: We measured serum CRP levels in cases with World Health Organization-defined severe or very severe pneumonia and a subset of community controls. We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of elevated CRP for "confirmed" bacterial pneumonia (positive blood culture or positive lung aspirate or pleural fluid culture or polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) compared to "RSV pneumonia" (nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal or induced sputum PCR-positive without confirmed/suspected bacterial pneumonia). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to assess the performance of elevated CRP in distinguishing these cases. Results.: Among 601 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative tested controls, 3% had CRP ≥40 mg/L. Among 119 HIV-negative cases with confirmed bacterial pneumonia, 77% had CRP ≥40 mg/L compared with 17% of 556 RSV pneumonia cases. The ROC analysis produced an area under the curve of 0.87, indicating very good discrimination; a cut-point of 37.1 mg/L best discriminated confirmed bacterial pneumonia (sensitivity 77%) from RSV pneumonia (specificity 82%). CRP ≥100 mg/L substantially improved specificity over CRP ≥40 mg/L, though at a loss to sensitivity. Conclusions.: Elevated CRP was positively associated with confirmed bacterial pneumonia and negatively associated with RSV pneumonia in PERCH. CRP may be useful for distinguishing bacterial from RSV-associated pneumonia, although its role in discriminating against other respiratory viral-associated pneumonia needs further study. |
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